Independent, practical help for litigants in person in England & Wales.
498 articles
Written by John Barwell
Sending is communication. Service is a legal act. This Legal Lens article explains why emailing a civil claim form can fail if the rules on service, solicitor authority, email consent, nominated addresses, sealed documents and timing are not followed.
Written by John Barwell
A Legal Lens article on online civil courts, digital filing, email service, default judgment, vulnerable users and why a login problem can become a legal problem.
Written by John Barwell
A list of issues is not administrative decoration. It is the point where the pleaded case is translated into the questions the Tribunal is being asked to decide.
Written by John Barwell
A practical guide to Employment Tribunal reconsideration, why it is not a second hearing or appeal, and when fairness may require a judgment to be revisited.
Written by John Barwell
Employment Tribunal judgments are not just results. Legal Lens explains why reasons matter and what parties should check after judgment.
Written by John Barwell
Closing submissions are argument, not evidence. Legal Lens explains how to structure final hearing submissions in Employment Tribunal claims.
Written by John Barwell
Employment Tribunal · Witness evidence · Cross-examination A witness statement matters, but it is not the end of the evidence. In an Employment Tribunal, a witness may still have to answer questions about documents, dates, decisions, memory, motive and disputed allegations. Cross-examination is where written evidence is tested. Category Employment Tribunal guidance Jurisdiction Great Britain … Continue reading “Employment Tribunal cross-examination: why your witness statement is only the start”
Written by John Barwell
A witness statement can feel like the moment to say everything. But in an Employment Tribunal, it is evidence, not argument. Used badly, it can introduce new issues too late, blur the case, create fairness problems and turn final hearing preparation into a procedural dispute.
Written by John Barwell
Whistleblowing · COT3 settlements · Early-years safeguarding The EAT decision in Mrs A Darlington v London Borough of Islington is an orthodox application of COT3 construction principles. Its wider significance lies in the gap it exposes: Parliament has created a sectoral recruitment-stage whistleblowing shield for NHS applicants, but not for workers in regulated early-years settings. … Continue reading “Darlington v Islington: COT3 settlements and whistleblowing protection gaps”
Written by John Barwell
A careful Legal Lens analysis of John Edwards, the ICO, reported leadership uncertainty and the accountability standards expected of the UK’s data watchdog.
